1993 Eritrea achieved independence from Ethiopia after 30-year civil war
1991 Ukrainian people vote for independence
1991 Macedonia votes for independence from Yugoslavia
1991 Soviet Union recognizes Estonian independence
1991 U.S.S.R. recognizes independence of the 3 Baltic republics
1991 U.S. officially recognizes independence of Estonia, Latvia and Lithuania
1991 Moldavia declares independence from U.S.S.R.
1991 Norway and Denmark recognize independence of former U.S.S.R. Baltic reps
1991 Ukraine declares independence from U.S.S.R.
1991 Latvia declares it's independence from U.S.S.R.
1991 Estonia declares it's independence from U.S.S.R. itself independent
1991 Slovenia and Croatia declare independence from Yugoslavia
1991 Croatia declares independence
1991 Soviet Republic of Georgia endorsed independence, Warsaw Pact dissolves
1991 Iceland recognizes Lithuania's independence
1991 Lithuania votes for independence from U.S.S.R.
1991 Soviets storm buildings in Vilnius to block Lithuania independence
1990 Armenia declares independence
1990 Bosnia-Hercegovina declares independence
1990 Ukraine declares independence
1990 Moldavia declares independence
1990 Latvia's parliament votes 138-0 (1 abstention) for Independence
1990 Lithuania declares it's Independence
1990 200,000 demand return of Lithuania's independence
1989 Zimbabwe gains independence
1988 South Africa signs accord granting independence to South West Africa
1983 Brunei gains complete independence from Britain
1983 St. Kitts and Nevis declares independence from U.K.
1982 Bess Truman, 1st lady (1945-53), dies in Independence, Mo at 97
1981 According to South Africa, Ciskei gains independence Not recognized as an independent country outside South Africa
1981 Antigua and Barbuda gains independence from Britain (National Day)
1981 Belize (British Honduras) gains independence from U.K.
1981 Belize declares independence
1980 Vanuatu (New Hebrides) gains independence from Britain and France
1980 Zimbabwe (formerly Southern Rhodesia) declares independence from UK
1979 Great Britain grants independence to Zimbabwe (Rhodesia)
1979 South Africa grants Venda independence (Not recognized out of South Africa)
1979 Kiribati (formerly Gilbert Islands) declares independence from U.K.
1979 Zimbabwe proclaims independence
1979 St. Lucia gains independence from Britain
1978 Dominica gains independence from U.K. and adopts constitution
1978 Tuvalu (formerly Ellice Islands) declares independence from U.K.
1978 Solomon Islands declares independence from U.K.
1977 Dutch Antilles: premier Boy Rozendal points independence off
1977 South Africa grants Bophuthatswana independence
1977 Djibouti (Afars and Issas) claims Independence from France
1976 Scott Vermillion, Independence, Missouri, soccer defender, 1996 Olympics gold
1976 Transkei gains independence, not recognized outside of South Africa
1976 Seychelles Independence, Independence day
1976 Seychelles gains independence from Britain
1976 Liberty Bell moves to new home behind Independence Hall
1975 Netherlands grants Suriname independence (Natl Day)
1975 Angola gains independence from Portugal (National Day)
1975 Papua New Guinea gains independence from Australia (National Day)
1975 Guinee-Bissau declares independence from Portugal
1975 Sao Tome e Principe gains independence from Portugal (Natl Day)
1975 Comoros declare independence from France (most of them)
1975 Cape Verde Is gain independence after 500 years of Portuguese rule
1975 Mozambique gains independence from Portugal (National Day)
1975 Portugal signs accord for Angola's independence
1974 Referenda in Comoros-3 islands for independence, 1 stays French
1974 U.N. affirms independence of Cyprus
1974 Portugal recognizes independence of Rep of Guinea-Bissau
1974 Grenada gains independence from Britain (National Day)
1973 Guinea-Bissau declares independence
1973 Bahamas declares Independence from U.K. and adopts constitution
1973 Amilcar L Cabral, fought for Guinea Bissau independence, murdered 51
1971 Bangladesh (East Pakistan) declares independence from Pakistan
1971 United Arab Emirates, (Trucial States) declares independence from UK
1971 Qatar regains complete independence from Britain
1971 Qatar declares independence from Britain
1971 Bahrain proclaims independence after 110 years of British rule
1971 Bangladesh (East Pakistan) declares its independence
1970 Fiji gains independence from Britain (National Day)
1970 Khmer Republic (Cambodia) declares independence
1970 Tonga, formerly Friendly Islands, declares independence from U.K.
1970 Qatar gains independence from Britain
1970 White government of Rhodesia declares independence from Britain
1968 Equatorial Guinea (Spanish Guinea) declares independence from Spain
1968 Swaziland gains independence from Britain (National Day)
1968 Mauritius gains independence from Britain (National Day)
1968 Nauru (formerly Pleasant Island) declares independence from Australia
1967 Democratic People's republic of Yemen gains independence
1967 People's Democratic Republic of Yemen declares independence from UK
1967 People's Rep of South Yemen (Aden) gains independence from Britain
1967 Uganda declares independence from Great Britain
1967 Biafra declares independence from Nigeria
1967 Grenada gains partial independence from Britain
1967 Dominica and St. Lucia gain independence from Britain
1967 Dominica gains independence from England
1966 Barbados gains independence from Britain (Natl Day)
1966 Lesotho (Basutoland) gains independence from Britain (National Day)
1966 Botswana (Bechuanaland) gains independence from Britain (Natl Day)
1966 Bechuanaland gains independence from England, becomes Botswana
1966 Guyana (formerly British Guiana) declares independence from UK
1965 Rhodesia proclaimed independence from Britain by PM Ian D Smith
1965 Singapore gains independence from Malaysia, National Day
1965 Republic of Maldives gains independence from Britain (Natl Day)
1965 Gambia gains independence from Britain (National Day)
1964 Zambia (N Rhodesia) gains independence from Britain (National Day)
1964 Malta gains independence from Britain
1964 Malawi (formerly Nyasaland) declares independence from U.K.
1964 Revolution overthrows Sultan of Zanzibar, 1 month after independence
1963 Kenya (formerly British East Africa) declares independence from UK
1963 Zanzibar gains independence from Britain
1963 Independence is restored to Dominican Republic
1962 Trinidad and Tobago gain independence from Britain (National Day)
1962 Algeria gains independence after 132 years of French rule
1962 Algeria votes for independence
1962 Burundi and Rwanda gain independence from Belgium (National Days)
1962 French President de Gaulle calls for Algeria's independence
1962 Julie Moran, TV hostess, Entertainment Tonight, Independence Day
1962 Western Samoa gains independence from New Zealand Susuga Malietoa Tanumafili II becomes co-chief of Western Samoa
1961 Tanganyika gains independence from Britain takes name Tanzania
1961 Kuwait declares independence from U.K.
1961 Sierra Leone declares independence from U.K.
1960 Ivory Coast claims independence from France
1960 Mauritania gains independence from France (Natl Day)
1960 France grants Mauritania independence
1960 Nigeria gains independence from Britain (National Day)
1960 Mali (formerly French Sudan) declares independence from France
1960 Senegal breaks from Mali federation, declaring independence
1960 Gabon gains independence from France, National Day
1960 Britain grants independence to crown colony of Cyprus
1960 Congo (formerly Congo/Brazzaville) declares Independence from France
1960 Central African Republic and Chad proclaim independence from France
1960 Chad declares Independence from France
1960 Ivory Coast, Cote d'Ivoore, gains independence from France
1960 Burkina (formerly Upper Volta) declares independence from France
1960 Niger gains independence from France
1960 Benin (Dahomey) gains independence from France
1960 Congo, Chad and Central African Republic declare independence
1960 Ivory Coast, Dahomey, Upper Volta and Niger declare independence
1960 Moise Tsjombe declares Congolese county Katanga independence
1960 Italian Somaliland gains independence, unites with Somali Republic
1960 Zaire (formerly Belgian Congo) declares independence from Belgium
1960 British Somaliland (now Somalia) gains independence from Britain
1960 Italian Somaliland declares independence from Italian-administration
1960 Madagascar (formerly Malagasy Rep) declares independence from France
1960 Madagascar gains independence of France
1960 Togo (formerly French Togo) declares independence from French adm
1960 Senegal declares independence from France
1960 Chad declares independence from France
1960 Cameroon (French Cameroon) gains independence from France
1959 Dom Mintoff demands independence for Malta
1959 Britain, Turkey and Greece sign agreement granting Cyprus independence
1959 King Boudouin promises Belgian Congo independence
1958 Guinea (French Guinea) gains independence from France (National Day)
1958 Guinea votes for independence from France
1958 Dan McVicar, born in Independence, Missouri, actor, Clarke-Bold and Beautiful
1957 Malayasia (formerly Malaya) gains independence from Britain
1957 Harry S. Truman Library forms in Independence, Missouri
1957 Margaret Colin, actress, Independence Day, Three Men and a Baby
1957 Ghana (formerly Gold Coast) declares independence from U.K.
1956 Morocco gains independence
1956 France recognizes Tunisia's independence
1956 Independence National Historical Park forms in Philadelphia
1956 Tunisia gains independence from France
1956 Morocco gains independence from France (Anniversary of throne)
1956 Morocco tears up the Treaty of Fez, declares independence from France
1956 Sudan (Anglo-Egyptian Sudan) declares independence from Egypt and UK
1955 Austria regains full independence after 4-power occupation
1955 Vienna Treaty: Brit, France, U.S. and U.S.S.R. restores Austria's independence
1954 Laos gains its independence
1954 Bill Pullman, actor, Sommersby, League of their Own, Independence Day
1954 At Geneva, France agrees to independence of North and South Vietnam
1954 France grants Vietnam independence inside French Union
1953 Cambodia (now Kampuchea) gains independence within French Union
1953 Laos gains full independence from France
1952 Jeff Goldblum, born in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, actor, Fly, Jurassic Park, Independence Day
1952 Mary McDonnell, born in Wilkes-Barre, Pennsylvania, actress, Sneakers, Independence Day
1951 United Kingdom of Libya gains independence from Italy via UN
1950 Indonesia gains independence from Netherlands
1949 United States of Indonesia gains independence from Netherlands
1949 Israel's 19 month war of independence ends
1949 Bao Dai's Republic of Vietnam gains independence from France
1949 British government grants Cyrenaica (East-Libya) independence
1948 State of Eire (formerly Irish Free State) declares its independence
1948 Ireland votes for independence from UK
1948 Israel declares independence from British administration
1948 Sri Lanka (formerly Ceylon) declares independence from UK
1948 Burma declares independence from UK
1947 India declares independence from UK, Islamic part becomes Pakistan
1947 Pakistan, formerly West Pakistan, declares independence from UK
1947 India granted independence within British Commonwealth
1947 Pakistan gains independence from Britain
1947 King George VI signs Indian Independence Bill
1947 British stop ships Independence and In-Gathering from landing in Israel
1946 Philippines gains independence from U.S.
1946 Jordan gains independence from Britain (Natl Day)
1946 Syria declares independence from French administration
1946 Syria gains independence from France
1946 Britain signs treaty granting independence to Jordan
1946 British premier Attlee agrees with India's right to independence
1945 Ho Chi Minh declares Vietnam independence from France (National Day)
1945 Indonesia (Dutch E Indies) declares independence from Netherlands
1945 Japan declares Vietnam Independence
1945 Japanese proclaim "independence" of Indo-China
1944 Iceland declares independence from Denmark at Thingvallir, Iceland
1943 Lebanon declares independence from French administration
1943 Japan declares Philippine Independence (premier/president Jose Laurel)
1943 Japan declares Burma Independence under U Ba Maw
1941 Lebanon gains independence from France
1941 Pro-nazi group declares Ukraine independence
1941 Former Dutch PM Colijn says Netherlands Indies not ready for independence
1935 Plebiscite in Philippines ratifies independence agreement
1934 Tunisia began its move for independence
1934 Philippine legislature accepts U.S. proposal for independence
1934 U.S. Congress accepts Philippines independence in 1945
1933 U.S. Congress recognize independence Philippines
1932 Iraq gains full independence from Britain, joins League of Nations
1931 Brit Statute of Westminster gives complete legislative independence to Canada, Australia, NZ, South Africa, Ireland, Newfndlnd
1930 Great-Britain signs accord for Independence of Iraq
1930 1st night organized baseball game Independence. Kansas
1929 Indian National Congress proclaims goal for India's independence
1928 Jawaharlal Nehru requests independence of India
1927 Iraq gains independence from Britain, but British troops remain
1926 Philippines government asks U.S. to plebiscite for independence
1923 Turkey declares independence (successor state to Ottoman Empire)
1922 Protocol of Genevia signed: Austria gains independence
1922 Egypt regains independence from Britain, but British troops remain
1922 Great Britain grants Egypt independence
1921 Amilcar Cabral, worked for independence of Portuguese Africa
1921 Mongolia gains independence from China (National Day)
1921 Mongolia (formerly Outer Mongolia) declares independence from China
1920 1st peace of Riga-Soviet Union recognizes Independence of Latvia
1920 U.S.S.R. recognizes Georgia's independence
1920 Pogrom leader Petljoera declares Ukraine Independence
1920 Greek Independence Day
1920 Peace treaty gives Estonia independence
1920 Estonia declares its Independence from Russia (Dorpat Peace)
1920 Tarto/Dorpat peace treaty: U.S.S.R. recognizes Estonian independence
1920 Georgia declares independence
1919 Fiume (Rijeka) declares it's Independence
1919 Afghanistan declares independence from U.K.
1919 Treaty of Rawalpindi, British recognize Afghanistan's independence
1919 Harry S Truman marries Elizabeth Virginia Wallace in Independence
1919 Armenia declares it's Independence
1919 Demonstrations for Korean independence from Japan begin
1919 Lithuania gains independence
1918 Danish parliament passed an act to grant Iceland independence
1918 Yugoslavia declares independence; monarchy established
1918 Latvia declares independence from Russia
1918 Poland declares independence
1918 Independence of Poland proclaimed by Jozef Pilsudski
1918 Poland proclaims independence from Russia after WW I
1918 Czechoslovakia gains independence as Austria-Hungary breaks up
1918 Czechoslovakia declares Independence from Austro-Hungarian Empire
1918 Czechoslovakia forms independence republic
1918 Georgian Social Democratic Republic declares independence from Russia
1918 Latvia proclaims independence
1918 Lithuania proclaims independence
1918 Estonia declares independence from Russia
1918 Lithuania declares independence from Russia and Germany (National Day)
1917 Flanders declares it's independence, under Pieter Tack
1917 Moldavian Republic declares independence from Russia
1917 German-occupied Lithuania proclaims independence from Russia
1917 Finland declares independence from Russia (National Day)
1916 U.S. Congress accept Jones Act: Philippines independence
1915 Thomas Masaryk demands independence for Czechoslovakia
1915 Thomas Masaryk claims independence for Czechoslovakia
1912 Albania declares independence from Turkey
1911 Ginger Rogers, Independence, Missouri, dancer, Gay Divorcee
1910 Union of South Africa declares independence from U.K.
1909 Colombia recognizes Panama's independence
1908 Bulgaria declares independence from Turkey, Ferdinand I becomes Tsar
1908 Bulgaria declares independence from Ottoman Empire (Turkey)
1907 NZ declares independence from UK
1906 Great Britain, France and Italy grant Independence to Ethiopia
1904 France and Spain sign treaty for Morocco Independence
1903 USA recognizea independence of Panama
1903 Colombia grants Panama independence
1902 Cuba gains independence from Spain
1901 Australia declares independence from federation of U.K. colonies
1898 Philippine nationalists declares independence from Spain to U.S. control
1895 Cuban war for independence begins
1894 Korea declares independence from China, asks for Japanese aid
1889 Players League begins, declaring independence from baseball's NL
1883 Northern Pacific RR's last spike driven at Independence Creek, Mont
1881 Transvaal regains independence under British suzerainty
1868 Cuba revolts for independence against Spain
1868 Grito de Lares proclaims Puerto Rico's independence (crushed by Spain)
1867 Luxembourg gains independence
1862 Great Britain and France recognizes independence of Zanzibar
1861 Italy declares independence; Kingdom of Italy proclaimed
1854 British recognize independence of Orange Free State (South Africa)
1853 Buenos Aires gains independence from Argentina (reunited 1859)
1852 British recognize independence of Transvaal (in South Africa)
1849 Venice under Daniele Manin surrenders to Austrians under Radetsky, after been under siege since July 20 after proclaiming independence
1848 Battle of Custoza-Italian War of Independence, starts
1848 Neufchatel declares independence of Switzerland
1847 Liberia declares independence from American Colonization Society
1847 Alice Sophia Stopford Green, Ireland, proponent of Irish independence
1846 California declares independence from Mexico in Sonoma
1846 Yucatan declares independence from Mexico
1844 Spain grants Dominican Rep independence
1844 Dominican Republic gains independence from Haiti (National Day)
1843 1st wagon train, 1000+ depart Independence Missouri for Oregon
1842 US recognizes independence of Hawaii
1841 1st emigrant wagon train leaves Independence, Missouri for California
1838 Honduras declares independence of Central American Federation
1838 Nicaragua declares independence from Central American federation
1836 Spain recognizes independence of Mexico
1836 Battle of San Jacinto, in which Texas wins independence from Mexico
1836 Republic of Texas declares independence from Mexico
1831 Belgium gains independence from Netherlands, Leopold I made king
1828 Uruguay gains independence during Brazil-Argentina peace talk
1828 Russia declares war on Turkey to support Greece's independence
1825 Uruguay declares independence from Brazil (National Day)
1825 Bolivia gains independence from Peru (National Day)
1823 United Provinces of Central America gain independence from Mexico
1822 Brazil declares independence from Portugal (National Day)
1822 Pedro I, son of king Joao VI, declares Brazil independence
1822 Battle of Pichincha, Bolivar secures independence of Quito from Spain
1821 Santo Domingo (Dominican Rep) proclaims independence from Spain
1821 Panama declares independence from Spain
1821 Mexican Empire declares its independence
1821 Mexico declares independence
1821 William Floyd, U.S. soldier/signer (Declar of Independence), dies at 86
1821 Peru declares independence from Spain (National Day)
1821 Greece gains independence from Turkey (National Day)
1821 Mexico gains independence from Spain
1820 Cuenca Ecuador declares independence
1820 William Ellery, U.S. attorney signed Declaration of Independence, dies at 92
1819 Congress of Angostura establishes Colombia's independence from Spain
1818 Chile gains independence from Spain
1817 Thomas McKean, U.S. attorney/signer (Decl of Independence), dies at 83
1816 Argentina declares independence from Spain
1814 Elbridge Gerry, U.S. merchant/signer (Decl of Independence), dies at 70
1814 Norway's independence proclaimed
1813 Robert R Livingston, U.S. diplomat (Decl of Independence), dies at 66
1813 George Clymer, U.S. merchant signed Declaration of Independence, dies at 73
1811 Cartagena Colombia declares independence from Spain
1811 El Salvador's 1st battle against Spain for independence
1811 Venezuela, 1st South American country to gain independence from Spain
1811 Samuel Chase, U.S. judge (signed Declar of Independence), dies at 70
1811 Paraguay gains independence from Spain (Natl Day)
1810 Chile declares independence from Spain (National Day)
1810 Mexico issues Grito de Dolores, which called for the end of Spanish rule Mexican Independence Day celebrates this event
1810 Colombia declares independence from Spain
1810 Argentina declares independence from Napoleonic Spain (Natl Day)
1809 Ecuador declares independence from Spain (National Day)
1809 Sweden declares independence, constitutional monarchy established
1804 Caesar Rodney, U.S. judge (signed Declar of Independence), dies at 62
1804 Haiti gains independence from France (National Day)
1801 Toussaint L'Ouverture declares Haitian independence
1799 William Paca, U.S. judge/signer (Decl of Independence), dies at 58
1798 George Read, U.S. judge/signer (Decl of Independence), dies at 65
1798 Lewis Morris, U.S. farmer signed Declaration of Independence, dies at 71
1797 Oliver Wolcott, U.S. judge/signer (Decl of Independence), dies at 71
1797 Carter Braxton, U.S. boer/signer (Decl of Independence), dies at 61
1796 1st Independence Day celebration is held
1796 Samuel Huntington, U.S. judge signed Declaration of Independence, dies at 64
1794 Richard H Lee, U.S. farmer signed Declaration of Independence, dies at 62
1793 John Hancock, U.S. merchant/signer (Decl of Independence), dies at 56
1793 Thomas Mckean, U.S. attorney/signer (Decl of Independence), dies at 72
1788 John Penn, U.S. attorney, signed (Decl of Independence), dies at 47
1787 Arthur Middleton, U.S. farmer signed Declaration of Independence, dies at 44
1785 Stephen Hopkins, U.S. judge/signer (Decl of Independence), dies at 78
1784 Caesar Rodney, U.S. judge/singer (Declar of Independence), dies at 55
1783 Sweden recognizes U.S. independence
1783 Spain recognizes U.S. independence
1782 Britain signs agreement recognizing U.S. independence
1779 Joseph Hewes, U.S. merchant/signer (Decl of Independence), dies at 49
1779 George Ross, U.S. judge/signer (Declaration of Independence), dies at 49
1779 John Heart, U.S. farmer signed Declaration of Independence, dies at about 68
1778 Bernardo O'Higgins, won independence for Chile
1777 France recognizes independence of English colonies in America
1777 Vermont declares independence from NY
1777 People of New Connecticut (Vermont) declare independence from England
1776 Formal signing of Declaration of Independence
1776 Declaration of Independence is read to George Washington's troops, New York
1776 Col John Nixon gave 1st public reading of Dec of Independence (Phila)
1776 Declaration of Independence announced on front page of "Pennsylvania Evening Gazette"
1776 Declaration of Independence - U.S. gains independence from Britain
1776 1st vote on Declaration of Independence
1776 Final draft of Declaration of Independence submitted to U.S. Congress
1776 Continental Congress create a committee to draft Decl of Independence
1776 Richard Lee (VA) moves Decl of Independence in Continental Congress
1776 Rhode Island declares independence from England
1776 Halifax resolution for independence adopted by North Carolina
1775 Citizens of Mecklenburg County, North Carolina declare independence of Britain
1774 Citizens of Carlisle Penn, pass a declaration of independence
1756 John Trumbull, U.S. painter, Declaration of Independence
1753 Miguel Hidalgo y Castilla, father of Mexican independence
1749 Edward Rutledge, Gov-SC, /attorney/signer, Decl of Independence
1749 Thomas Lynch, signer, Declaration of Independence
1742 James Wilson, Scot/US judge/signer, Declaration of Independence
1742 Arthur Middleton, signer, Declaration of Independence
1742 William Hooper, U.S. attorney signed Declaration of Independence
1741 John Penn, U.S. attorney, signed Declaration of Independence
1740 William Paca, U.S. judge/signer, Declaration of Independence
1738 Thomas Nelson, merchant, signer of Declaration of Independence
1737 John Hancock, patriot, 1st to sign Declaration of Independence
1736 Carter Braxton, U.S. farmer/signer, Declaration of Independence
1734 William Floyd, U.S. soldier/signer, Declaration of Independence
1734 Francis Lightfoot Lee, U.S. farmer/signer, Decl of Independence
1734 Robert Morris, merchant, signed Declaration of Independence
1733 George Read, U.S. judge/signer, Declaration of Independence
1732 Richard H Lee, U.S. farmer, signed Declaration of Independence
1731 William Williams, U.S. merchant signed Declaration of Independence
1731 Robert Treat Paine, judge, signer, Declaration of Independence
1730 Richard Stockton, U.S. attorney/signer, Decl of Independence
1730 George Ross, U.S. judge, signed Declaration of Independence
1730 Joseph Hewes, U.S. merchant, Declaration of Independence signer
1730 William Whipple, merchant/judge, Declaration of Independence signer
1729 Josiah Bartlett, U.S. physician/judge/signer, Decl of Independence
1728 Caesar Rodney, Delaware, judge/signer, Declaration of Independence
1727 William Ellery, U.S. attorney/signer, Declar of Independence
1726 Oliver Wolcott, U.S. judge/signer, Declar of Independence
1726 Oliver Wolcott, Ct-Gov, /signed Decl of Independence
1726 Lewis Morris, U.S. farmer signed Declaration of Independence
1726 Abraham Clark, farmer/lawyer, signed Declaration of Independence
1724 Lyman Hall, U.S. physician, signed Declaration of Independence
1723 John Witherspoon, clergyman/signed Declaration of Independence
1719 Liechtenstein declares independence from German empire
1716 Philip Livingston, merchant, signed Declaration of Independence
1707 Stephen Hopkins, Governor of Rhode Island signed Declaration of Independence
1682 Nationally Council accept independence of French church
1648 Switzerland's independence recognized
1640 Portugal regains independence after 60 years of Spanish rule
1598 Deed of Transfers proclaims Netherlands independence
1385 Portuguese defeat Castilians at Aljubarrota, retain independence
1322 Robert the Bruce of Scotland defeats King Edward II of England at Byland, forcing Edward to accept Scotland's independence
1314 Battle of Bannockburn; Scotland regains independence from England
1291 Everlasting League forms, basis of Swiss Confederation (Independence)
|
|
