| January 1 | German astronomer Simon Marius 1st discovers the Jupiter moons, but does not officially report it, Galileo does on July 1 1610 |
| January 7 | Galileo discovers 1st 3 Jupiter satellites, Io, Europa and Ganymede |
| January 13 | Galileo Galilei discovers Callisto, 4th satellite of Jupiter |
| February 14 | Polish king Sigismund III, Forges Dimitri #2 and Romanov family sign covenant against czar Vasili Shushki |
| February 28 | Thomas West, Baron de La Mar, is appointed governor of Virginia |
| March 21 | King James I addresses English House of Commons |
| May 15 | Parliament of Paris appoints Louis XIII (8) as French king |
| June 10 | 1st Dutch settlers arrive (from NJ), to colonize Manhattan Island |
| June 24 | Battle at Klushino: King Sigismund II beats Russia and Sweden |
| July 4 | Battle at Klushino: King Sigismund II beats Russian and Sweden |
| August 2 | Henry Hudson enters bay later named after him, the Hudson Bay |
| August 27 | Polish King Wladyslaw crowned king of Russia |
| October 28 | Thomas West baron De La Mar appointed as 1st Governor of Virginia colony |
