| January 20 | Peace of Knarod ends War of Kalmar between Denmark and Sweden |
| January 24 | Amsterdams merchant Hans Bontemantel baptized |
| January 28 | Galileo may have unknowingly viewed undiscovered planet Neptune |
| January 29 | Galileo observes Neptune but fails to recognize what he sees |
| February 7 | Michail Romanov (16) becomes czar of Russia |
| February 14 | King James I's daughter Elizabeth marries Frederik |
| February 20 | Gerard Reynst appointed Dutch Governor-General of East-Indies |
| February 21 | Michael Romanov, son of Patriarch of Moscow, elected Russian tsar |
| February 24 | English princess Elizabeth marries earl Frederik of Palts |
| June 29 | Shakespeare's Globe Theater burns down |
| December 25 | Johan Sigismund of Brandenburg becomes protestant |
