| January 2 | 1st Curling club in U.S. (Orchard Lake Curling Club) opens |
| January 6 | New England Anti-Slavery Society organizes (Boston) |
| January 16 | Charles Darwin lands at San Tiago, Cape Verde |
| January 17 | Johannes van den Bosch appointed Governor-General of Dutch-Indies |
| February 6 | 1st appearance of cholera at Edinburgh, Scotland |
| February 6 | U.S. ship destroys Sumatran village in retaliation for piracy |
| February 12 | Ecuador annexes Gal pagos Islands |
| February 13 | 1st appearance of cholera at London |
| February 16 | HMS Beagle and Charles Darwin reache St-Pauls, 1 degrees N, 29 degrees W |
| February 20 | Charles Darwin visits Fernando Noronha in Atlantic Ocean |
| February 26 | Polish constitution abolished/replaced by Czar Nicholas I |
| February 29 | Charles Darwin visits jungle near Bahia Brazil |
| March 23 | British Parliament passes reform bill |
| March 24 | Mormon Joseph Smith beaten, tarred and feathered in Ohio |
| April 4 | Charles Darwin aboard HMS Beagle reaches Rio de Janeiro |
| April 8 | Charles Darwin begins trip through Rio de Janeiro |
| May 7 | Greece becomes independent republic |
| May 7 | Otto of Bavaria is chosen king of Greece |
| May 12 | Gaetano Donizetti's opera "L'elisir d'amore," premieres in Milan |
| May 14 | Felix Mendelssohn's "Hebrides," premieres |
| May 21 | 1st Democratic National Convention (Baltimore) |
| May 30 | Evariste Galois give his theory on free assembly (dies in duel May 31) |
| June 4 | 3rd national black convention meets, Philadelphia |
| June 16 | Battle of Kellogg's Grove, Illinois |
| June 22 | John Howe patents pin manufacturing machine |
| June 28 | Gerrit Moll measures noise of guns |
| July 4 | "America" 1st sung publicly in Boston |
| July 5 | HMS Beagle and Charles Darwin depart Rio de Janeiro |
| July 10 | President Jackson vetoed legislation to re-charter 2nd Bank of US |
| July 13 | Source of Mississippi River discovered, Henry R. Schoolcraft |
| July 14 | Opium exempted from federal tariff duty |
| July 25 | 1st railroad accident in U.S., Granite Railway, Quincy, Mass-1 dies |
| July 26 | HMS Beagle anchors in Montevideo |
| August 2 | 1,300 Illinois militia defeat Sac and Fox indians, end Black Hawk War |
| August 2 | Black Hawk defeated in Iowa |
| August 2 | Whites decimate Indians in Battle of Bad Axe River, Wisconsin |
| August 9 | King Leopold I of Belgium marries Louisa Maria |
| August 15 | Gregory XVI encyclical On liberalism and religious indifferentism |
| August 27 | Black Hawk, leader of Sauk-indians, gives himself up |
| September 3 | Rebellious slaves set fire to Paramaribo Suriname |
| November 14 | 1st streetcar (horse-drawn) (John Mason) debuts in New York City; fare 12 cents rode on 4th Avenue between Prince and 14th Streets |
| November 15 | Felix Mendelssohn's "Reformation," premieres |
| November 23 | French take Antwerp in liberation of Belgium |
| November 24 | South Carolina passes Ordinance of Nullification |
| November 26 | 1st streetcar railway in America starts operating (New York City) (12 cent fare) |
| December 4 | French army begins bombing citadel of Antwerp |
| December 5 | Andrew Jackson re-elected president of US |
| December 17 | HMS Beagle and Charles Darwin sails in Strait Le Maire |
| December 18 | Charles Darwin visits Vurland |
| December 22 | HMS Beagle and Charles Darwin reaches Barnevelts Islands |
| December 23 | Dutch troops in Antwerp surrender |
| December 24 | HMS Beagle anchors in Wigwam Bay at Cape Receiver |
| December 25 | Charles Darwin celebrates Christmas in St. Martin at Cape Receiver |
| December 28 | John Calhoun becomes 1st Vice President to resign over differences with President Jackson |
