January 1 Britain takes Mosquito Coast from Nicaragua January 8 Austrian soldiers kill 10 students, Pavia January 9 1st commercial bank in San Francisco established January 9 People's uprising in Palermo Sicily January 24 James Marshall finds gold in Sutter's Mill in Coloma, California January 28 King of Naples grants his subjects a constitution January 29 Sicily accepts new Constitution (choose parliament/freedom of press) February 2 1st ship load of Chinese arrive in San Francisco February 2 Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo ends Mexican War; U.S. acquires Texas California, New Mexico and Arizona for $15 million February 12 Ballet "Faust" premieres, Milan February 14 James K. Polk became 1st President photographed in office by Matthew Brady February 15 Sarah Roberts barred from white school in Boston February 17 Toscane gets liberal Constitution February 24 King Louis-Philippe abdicates, 2nd French republic declared February 26 2nd French Republic proclaimed February 26 Marx and Engels publish "Communist Manifesto" February 29 Neufchatel declares independence of Switzerland March 4 Sardinia-Piemonte gets new Constitution March 7 In Hawaii, Great Mahele (division of lands) signed March 12 2nd republic established in France March 20 King Louis I of Bayern abdicates to marry dancer Lola Montez March 24 State of siege proclaimed in Amsterdam March 27 John Parker Paynard originates medicated adhesive plaster March 29 Niagara Falls stops flowing for 30 hours due to an ice jam April 3 Thomas Douglas becomes 1st San Francisco public teacher April 6 Jews of Prussia granted equality April 8 1st battle at Gioto: Sardinia-Piemonte beats Austrians April 8 Battle at Xaquixaguana, Peru: Pedro de la Gasca beats Gonzalo Pizarro April 11 Hungary becomes constitutional monarchy under king Ferdinand of Austria April 28 Free last slaves in French colonies May 6 Otto Tank ends slavery in Suriname colony May 7 Prussians stop insurrection in Varsovia May 17 Premier earl Schimmelpenninck resigns May 19 1st department store opens May 19 Mexico gives Texas to U.S., ending the war May 29 Battle at Curtazone: Austrians beat Sardinia-Piemonte May 29 Wisconsin becomes 30th state May 30 2nd battle at Gioto: Sardinia-Piemonte beats Austrians May 30 Mexico ratifies treaty giving U.S.; New Mexico, California and parts of Nevada, Utah, Arizona and Colorado in return for $15 million May 30 William G. Young patents ice cream freezer June 5 Statue of prince Willem the Silent unveiled June 10 1st telegraph link between New York City and Chicago June 10 Battle at Vicenza: Austrians beat Sardinia-Piemonte June 19 Elizabeth Stanton and Lucretia Mott open 1st women's rights convention June 22 Barnburners (anti-slavery) party nominates Martin Van Buren for president June 23 Antoine Joseph Sax patents Saxophone June 23 Bloody insurrection of workers in Paris June 26 1st pure food law enacted in U.S. July 3 Slaves freed in Danish West Indies (now U.S. Virgin Islands) July 6 Mexican-American War ended with the Treaty of Guadaloupe Hidalgo July 11 Edmund Hickly gets 1st known 10 wicket innings (Kent vs. England) July 11 London's Waterloo Station opens July 19 1st U.S. women's rights convention (Seneca Falls New York) July 19 German Parliament demands Dutch province of Limburg July 23 Battle of Custoza-Italian War of Independence, starts July 25 1st battle at Custozza: Austrians under Radetzky beat Italian July 26 1st Woman's Rights Convention, Senecca Falls, New York August 9 Austria and Sardinia sign cease fire August 9 Barnburners (anti-slavery) party merges with Free Soil Party nominateing Martin Van Buren for president August 14 Oregon Territory created August 15 M Waldo Hanchett patents dental chair September 6 National Black Convention meets (Cleveland) September 14 Alexander Stewart opens 1st U.S. department store September 16 Slavery abolished in all French territories September 18 Baseball rules 1st baseman can tag base for out instead of runner September 19 Hyperion, moon of Saturn, discovered by Bond (U.S.) and Lassell (England) October 16 1st U.S. homeopathic medical college opens in Pennsylvania November 1 1st U.S. woman's medical school opens (Boston) November 3 Johan Thorbeckes revises Great Force November 7 General Zachary Taylor elected as president of US November 9 Post office at Clay and Pike opens November 21 Alfred de Musset's "Andre del Sarto," premieres in Paris November 21 Cincinnati Turngemeinde founded November 23 Female Medical Educational Society forms in Boston December 2 Franz Josef I becomes emperor of Austria and King of Hungary December 5 President Polk triggers Gold Rush of '49, confirms California gold discovery December 25 New Haven Railroad opens December 26 1st gold seekers arrive in Panama en route to SF December 26 William and Ellen Craft escape from slavery in Georgia December 29 Gas lights 1st installed at White House (Polk's administration)
