February 13 Willem of Nassau becomes prince of Orange March 24 German Parliament opens in Worms April 12 French king Francois I orders protestants of Vaudois to be killed July 19 King Henry VIII's flagship Mary Rose sinks at Portsmouth; 73 die August 26 Pope Paul III names his son Pierluigi Farnese, duke of Parma September 8 English earl Hertford leads retaliatory mission against Scotland December 13 Council of Trent (19th ecumenical council) opens December 13 Pope Paul III opens council of Trente
