February 4 Oliver Cromwell grants residency to Luis Caravajal March 23 France and England form alliance against Spain; England gets Dunkirk March 31 English Humble Petition offers Lord Protector Cromwell the crown April 3 English Lord Protector Cromwell refuses crown April 20 Battle in Santa Cruz Bay, Tenerife: English fleet under Robert Blake sinks Spanish silver fleet June 1 1st Quakers arrives in New Amsterdam (New York) July 13 Oliver Cromwell constrains English army leader John Lambert September 19 Brandenburg and Poland sign Treaty of Wehlau September 24 1st autopsy and coroner's jury verdict is recorded in state of Maryland October 1 Treaty of Raalte: Willem II no longer viceroy of Overijssel October 3 French troops occupy Mardyke November 6 Brandenburg and Poland sign unity of Bromberg
