January 21 Ashantees defeat British at Accra, West Africa January 28 William Kneass becomes 3rd U.S. chief engraver (1824-40) February 4 J. W. Goodrich introduces rubber galoshes to public February 10 Simon Bolivar named dictator by the Congress of Peru February 16 Athenaeum founded March 2 Interstate commerce comes under federal control March 7 Meyerbeers opera "Il Crociati in Egitto," premieres in Venice March 11 U.S. War Department creates the Bureau of Indian Affairs March 17 England and Netherlands sign a trade agreement March 21 Fire at Cairo ammunitions dump kills 4,000 horses March 26 1st performance of Beethoven's "Missa Solemnis" April 17 Russia abandons all North American claims south of 54 degrees 40' N May 2 Goethe visits Ettersberg (Buchenwald) May 7 Beethoven's 9th (Chorale) Symphony, premieres in Vienna May 24 Pope Leo XII proclaims a universal jubilee May 26 Brazil is recognized by U.S. June 8 Washing machine patented by Noah Cushing of Quebec June 17 Bureau of Indian Affairs established July 24 Harrisburg Pennsylvanian newspaper publishes results of 1st public opinion poll. Clear lead for Andrew Jackson July 30 Gioacchino Rossini becomes manager of Theatre Italian, Paris August 6 Battle at Junan - Simon Bolivars army beats Spanish August 14 General Lafayette returns to U.S. August 15 Freed American slaves forms country of Liberia September 26 Kapiolani defies Pele (Hawaiian volcano goddess) and lives October 4 Mexico becomes a republic October 21 Joseph Aspdin patents Portland cement (Yorkshire England) October 23 1st steam locomotive is introduced November 2 Popular presidential vote 1st recorded; Jackson beats J Q Adams November 7 St. Petersburg flood November 15 Series of fires kills 10 (Edinburgh Scotland) November 16 New York City's Fifth Avenue opens for business November 19 Storm causes St. Petersburg flood, killing 10,000 November 21 1st Jewish Reform congregation forms, Charleston, SC December 1 House of Representatives begins to end election deadlock between JQ Adams, December 1 Jackson, WH Crawford and H Clay Adams eventually declared president December 9 Battle of Ayacucho (Candorcangui), Peru defeats Spain December 16 Great North Holland Canal opens
