January 1 1st U.S. income tax (3% of incomes > $600, 5% of incomes > $10,000) January 1 Battle of Ft. McRee, Florida Battle of Port Royal, South Carolina (Port Royal Ferry) January 3 Romney Campaign-Stonewall Jackson moves north from Winchester January 4 Battle of Helena, AK January 4 Romney Campaign-Stonewall Jackson occupies Bath January 7 Battle of Manassas Junction, VA January 7 Romney Campaign-Stonewall Jackson march towards Romney, WV January 10 Battle of Big Sandy River, Kentucky (Middle Creek) January 10 Battle of Romney, WV January 17 BBT Ft. Henry, Tennessee by USS Lexington January 18 Confederate Territory of Arizona forms January 19 Battle of Mill Springs, Kentucky (Fishing Creek, Logan's Crossroads) January 22 Confederate government raises premium for volunteers from $10 to $20 January 23 Agoston Haraszthy, 1st vintner in Sonoma Valley, imports 10,000 January 24 Romania principality arises under King Alexander Cuza January 26 Lincoln issues General War Order #1, calling for a Union offensive McClellan ignores order January 30 U.S. Navy's 1st ironclad warship, the Monitor, launched January 31 Telescope maker Alvin Clark discovers dwarf companion of Sirius February 1 Julia Howe publishes "Battle Hymn of Republic" February 6 General Ulysses S. Grant captures Fort Henry in Tennessee February 6 Naval Engagement at Tennessee River - USS Conestago vs CSS Appleton Belle February 6 Ulysses S. Grant begins military campaign in Mississippi February 7 Federal fleet attack on Roanoke Island NC February 8 Battle of Roanoke Island NC, Federals gain control of Pamlico Sound February 8 Opera "Lily of Killarney," premieres in London February 10 Dutch 2nd government of Thorbecke forms February 14 Galena, 1st U.S. iron-clad warship for service at sea, launched, Connecticut February 15 Grant's major assault on Ft. Donelson, Tennessee February 16 Ft. Donelson captured by General Grant (1,400 confederates surrender) February 21 Confederate Constitution and presidency are declared permanent February 21 Texas Rangers win Confederate victory at Battle of Val Verde, New Mexico February 25 Congress forms U.S. Bureau of Engraving and Printing February 25 Paper currency introduced in U.S. by President Abraham Lincoln February 26 Battle of Woodburn, Kentucky February 28 Opera "La Reine de Saba," premieres in Paris March 3 Battle of New Madrid MO-captured by Union forces March 3 General Pope lays siege in front of New Madrid March 5 Union troops under Brigadier-General Wright occupy Fernandina Florida March 6 Battle of Pea Ridge, AR (Elkhorn Tavern) March 7 Battle of Elkhorn Tavern, Day 2, Gens McCulloch and McIntosh killed March 8 Battle of Elkhorn Tavern ends with Confederate withdrawal March 8 Confederate ironclad "Merrimack" launched March 8 Naval Engagement at Hampton Roads, Virginia CSS Virginia, Jamestown and Yorktown vs USS Cumberland, Congress and Monitor March 9 "Monitor" (Union) and "Merrimack" (Rebel) battle in Hampton Roads March 10 Great Britain and France recognizes independence of Zanzibar March 10 U.S. issues 1st paper money ($5, $10, $20, $50, $100, $500 and $1000) March 11 General Stonewall Jackson evacuates Winchester Virginia Army of the Potomac, General Henry Halleck is named general-in-chief March 14 Battle of New Bern NC: General Burnside conquers New Bern March 15 General John Hunt Morgan begins 4 days of raids near Gallatin, Tennessee March 16 Battle at Pound Gap Kentucky: Confederates separate battles March 22 San Marino and Italy conclude treaty of friendship and cooperation March 23 Battle of Kernstown VA-Jackson begins his Valley Campaign March 26 Battle of La Glorieta Pass, New Mexico Territory (Apache Canyon, Pigeon's Ranch) March 28 Skirmish at Bealeton Station, Virginia March 31 Civil War action at Island #10 on Mississippi River April 1 Shenandoah Valley campaign, Jackson's Battle of Woodstock, VA April 4 Battle of Yorktown begins April 4 U.S. begins Peninsular Campaign aimed at capturing Richmond April 5 Siege of Yorktown, Virginia April 6 Battle of Shiloh, Union defeats Confederacy in SW Tennessee April 7 Grant defeats Confederates at Battle of Shiloh, Tennessee, Island #10 falls April 8 John D. Lynde patents aerosol dispenser April 11 Rebels surrender Ft. Pulaski, Georgia-Rebels surrender April 12 James Andrews steals Confederate train (General) at Kennesaw, Georgia April 12 Union troops occupy Fort Pulaski Georgia April 14 Battle of Ft. Pillow Tennessee April 16 Slavery abolished in District of Columbia April 16 U.S. Confederate Congress calls up all white males (18-35 years) April 18 Battle of Ft. Jackson, Ft. St. Philip and New Orlean's, Louisiana April 21 Congress establishes U.S. Mint in Denver, Colorado April 21 Ellen Price Wood's "East Lynne, premieres in Boston April 25 Battle of New Orleans LA - U.S. Admiral Farragut occupies New Orleans April 29 100,000 federal troops prepare to march into Corinth, Mississippi April 29 New Orleans fell to Union forces during Civil War April 30 Swift Run Gap, West Virginia skirmishes May 1 Union captain David Farragut conquers New Orleans May 4 Battle at Williamsburg, Virginia May 4 Yorktown, Virginia - McClellan halted his troop before town as it is full of armed torpedoes left by CS Brigadier General Gabrial Rains May 5 French army intervenes in Puebla, Mexico: Cinco de Mayo May 5 Peninsular Campaign-Battle of Williamsburg, Virginia May 7 Battle of West Point, Virginia (Eltham's Landing, Barnhamsville) May 7 Much of Enschede Netherlands destroyed by fire May 8 Valley Campaign: Federals repulsed at Battle of McDowell Va May 9 Battle of Farmington, Mississippi May 9 U.S. Naval Academy relocated from Annapolis Maryland to Newport, Rhode Island May 10 Battle of Plum Run Bend, Tennessee (Plum Point Bend) May 11 Confederates scuttle CSS Virginia off Norfolk, Virginia May 12 Federal troops occupies Baton Rouge Louisiana May 14 Adolphe Nicole of Switzerland patents chronograph May 15 Battle of Drewry's Bluff (Ft. Darling), Virginia May 15 Confederate cruiser The Alabama runs aground near London May 15 Department of Agriculture created May 15 General Benjamin F Butler delegates "Woman Order" of NO to be his whores May 15 Union Grounds, Brooklyn, 1st baseball enclosure, opens May 16 Jean Joseph Etienne Lenoir builds 1st automobile May 17 Battle of Princeton, West Virginia, ends, about 128 casualities May 19 Homestead Act becomes law provides cheap land for settlement of West May 23 Battle at Front Royal, Virginia May 23 Valley Campaign-Stonewall Jackson takes Ft. Royal, Virginia May 24 Beardslee field telegraph used for 1st time May 24 Westminster Bridge across Thames opens May 25 Battle of Winchester, Virginia May 27 Battle of Hanover Court House, Virginia (Slash Church, Peake's Station) May 30 Battle of Booneville, Mississippi - captured General Beauregard evacuates Corinth May 30 Battle of Front Royal, Virginia May 31 Battle of Seven Pines Virginia (Fair Oaks) June 1 2nd/last day of battle at Fair Oaks/7 Pines Virginia (11,165 casualties) June 1 General Lee assumes command after Joe Johnston is injured at 7 Pines June 1 Slavery abolished in all U.S. possessions June 2 General Robert E Lee takes command of Confederate armies of E Virginia and NC June 2 Raid at Early's: Maryland towards Washington D.C. June 4 Confederates evacuate Ft. Pillow, Tennessee June 6 Battle of Memphis-city is surrendered June 6 Battle of Port Royal, South Carolina, Port Royal Ferry June 6 Skirmish at Harrisonburg, Pennsylvania June 7 General B. Butler orders William Mumford hanged after he removed and destroyed U.S. flag on display over New Orleans Mint June 7 Skirmish at Union Church, Virginia (Peninsular) June 8 Valley Campaign-Battle of Cross Keys, Virginia June 9 Battle of Port Republic, last of 5 battles in Jacksons Valley camp June 15 General JEB Stuart completes his "ride around McClellan" June 19 Slavery outlawed in U.S. territories June 25 Battle of Oak Grove, Virginia (Orchard, Henrico, French's Field) (Kings's Schoolhouse) Day 1 of 7 Days June 26 Battle of Beaver Dam Creek-Union repulses Confederacy in Virginia June 26 Day 2 of 7 Days-Battle of Mechanicsville Virginia (Meadow Bridge) June 26 U.S. Army of Virginia established under General John Pope June 27 Battle at Garnett's/Golding's Farms, Virginia June 27 Battle of Gaines' Mill, Virginia (Cold Harbor, Chickahominy Bluffs) Day 3 June 28 Day 4 of 7 Days-Battle of Savage's Station/Garnett's Farm, Virginia June 29 Day 5 of 7 Days-Battle of Savage's Station, Virginia June 30 Battle at Nelson's Farm, Virginia June 30 Battle at Turkey Bridge Virginia: Confederate assault attack June 30 Day 6 of 7 Days-Battle of White Oak Swamp Virginia (Frayser's Farm) June 30 Gustave Flaubert completes "Salammbo" July 1 Battle at Booneville Mississippi: Confederate superior power driven out July 1 Battle of Holly Spring, MS July 1 Battle of Malvern Hill, Virginia (Harrison's Landing, Crew's Farm) July 1 Congress outlaws polygamy (1st time); bad news for Utah July 1 Day 7 of 7 Days-Battle of Malvern Hill (Poindexter's Farm) Day 7 of Seven Days US15,249 CS17,583 July 1 Emperor Alexander II grants Jews right to publish books July 1 Internal Revenue Law imposes 1st federal taxes on inheritance, tobacco and on incomes over $600 (progressive rate) July 2 Lincoln signs act granting land for state agricultural colleges July 4 Battle at Green River Kentucky (Morgan's Ohio Raid) July 4 Battle of Port Royal, South Carolina (Port Royal Ferry) July 4 Lewis Carroll creates Alice in Wonderland for Alice P. Liddell July 6 Skirmish at Devall's Bluff Arkansas (106 casualties) July 7 Land Grant Act endows state colleges with federal land July 8 Odore R Timby patents revolving gun turret July 9 General John Hunt Morgan captures Tompkinsville, Kentucky July 10 U.S. begins construction of Central Pacific Railroad July 11 Lincoln appoints General Halleck general-in-chief July 12 Congress authorizes Medal of Honor July 12 Federal troops occupy Helena, Arkansas July 13 Battle of Murfreesboro, Tennessee (Forrest's Raid) US895 CS150 July 15 CSS Arkansas vs USS Cardondelet and Queen of the West engage at Yazoo R July 16 David G Farragut is 1st rear Admiral in U.S. Navy July 17 Naval Engagement at Pascagoula River MS: USS Potomac Expedition July 17 R John Hunt Morgan:Cynthiana, Kentucky CS24 US17 Skirmish at Columbia, Tennessee July 17 U.S. Army authorized to accept blacks as laborers July 17 United army officially divides corps July 18 Battle of Newburgh, IN - captured by Union forces July 19 Forrest's 1st raid July 27 Hurricane hits Canton; about 40,000 die July 27 Steamer "Golden Gate" burns and sinks off west coast of Mexico July 28 Confederate forces defeated at More's Hill, Mo August 4 U.S. government collects its 1st income tax August 5 Battle of Baton Rouge, LA August 6 Confederate Army ironclad "Arkansas" is badly damaged in Union attack August 9 Battle of Cedar Mountain Virginia (Slaughter Mountain, Southwest Mountain) August 9 Berlioz' opera "Beatrice et Benedict," premieres in Baden-Baden August 9 Prelude to 2nd Manassas, Jackson is victorious at Battle of Cedar Mt., however General Charles S. Winder is killed August 10 Battle of Nueces River, Texas August 12 General John Hunt Morgan and his raiders capture Gallatin, TX August 14 Lincoln receives 1st group of blacks to confer with U.S. president August 17 Confederate troops under Kirby Smith enter Kentucky August 18 General Lee's adjutant major Stuart captured August 18 Sioux Indians begin uprising in Minnesota August 22 Battle of Catlett's Station VA August 22 Santee Sioux indian attack Fort Ridgely August 23 Skirmish at Big Hill, Kentucky (2 Federal regiments) August 25 Secretary of War authorizes General Rufus Saxton to arm 5,000 slaves August 28 Battle of Thoroughfare Gap VA August 28 Belle Boyd released from Old Capital Prison in Washington, D.C. August 29 2nd Battle of Bull Run (Manassas) begins August 29 Battle of Aspromonte-Italian royal forces defeat rebels August 29 Battle of Bull Run, Virginia (Manassas, Gainesville, Bristoe Station) August 29 U.S. Bureau of Engraving and Printing begins operation August 30 2nd Battle of Bull Run - Confederates beat Union August 30 Battle of 2nd Manassas-Pope defeated by Lee-Battle of Richmond, Kentucky August 30 Battle of Altamont-Confederates beat Union forces in Tennessee September 1 Battle at Chantilly (Ox Hill) Virginia (2100 casualties) September 1 Federal tax levied on tobacco September 4 General Lee invades North with 50,000 Confederate troops September 4 North Beach and Mission Railway Company organized in SF September 5 Lee crosses Potomac and enters Maryland September 6 Stonewall Jackson occupies Frederick, Maryland September 9 Lee splits his army and sends Jackson to capture Harpers Ferry September 12 Battle of Harpers Ferry VA September 14 Battle at Crampton's Gap: Union troops chases away Confederates September 14 Battle at South Mountain: Union troops chases away Confederates September 14 Battle of Munfordsville, Kentucky September 14 Federal troops escape from beleaguered Harpers Ferry West Virginia September 14 Skirmish at Mountain MD (Boonesboro, Crampton's Gap, Fox's Gap) September 15 Confederates conquer Union-weapon arsenal at Harpers Ferry WV September 16 Battle of Antietam, bloodiest day in Civil War (Sharpsburg Md) September 16 General Bragg's army surrounds 4,000 federals at Munfordville, Kentucky September 16 Liliuokalani, queen of Hawaii (1891-93) marries John Owen Dominis September 17 Battle of Cumberland Gap, TN-evacuted by Federals September 17 Battle of Mumfordville, Kentucky-U.S. Col J Wilder surrenders city September 17 Battle of Sharpsburg (Antietam)-bloodiest day of Civil War, 23,110 die September 18 Confederate armies officially divide into corps September 18 General Read army pulls out of Antietam Creek Virginia September 19 Battle at Blackford's Ford Virginia September 19 Battle at Iuka Mississippi (1,700 casualties) September 22 President Lincoln, says he will free slaves in all states on Jan 1 September 23 Lincoln's Emancipation is published in Northern Newspapers September 24 Confederate Congress adopts confederacy seal September 25 Skirmish at Davis' Bridge, Tennessee October 3 Battle of Corinth, Mississippi October 3 Skirmish at Bardstown, Kentucky October 4 Battle of Corinth ends October 5 Battle of Big Hatchie River, MS October 5 Federal fleet occupies Galveston, Texas October 8 Battle of Perryville, Kentucky-Confederate invasion halted October 8 Otto von Bismarck becomes German republic chancellor October 12 JEB Stuart completes his "2nd ride around McClellan" October 12 Major General Earl Van Dorn assumes command of Confederate troops in Missisippi October 12 Skirmish at Monocacy, Maryland October 13 Bismarck's "Blood and Iron" speech October 14 Baseballer James Creighton ruptures bladder hitting home run, dies 10/18 October 14 Excelsiors defeat Unions of Morrisania 13-9 October 17 Battle of Leetown and Thoroughfare Gap, VA October 18 Morgan's raiders capture federal garrison at Lexington, Kentucky October 20 Amnesty proclaimed for escaped slaves of Suriname October 22 Battle at Old Fort Wayne, Indian Territory October 22 Confederate troops reconquer Cumperland Gap, Tennessee October 30 Dr. Richard Gatling patents machine gun November 3 Battle between gunboats at Bayou Teche, Louisiana November 3 Dr. Richard Gatling patents machine gun (Indianapolis) November 4 Richard Gatling patents Gatling gun November 5 Ambrose Burnside replaces McClellen as head of Army of Potomac November 5 Battle at Barbee's Crossroads, Virginia: 51 casualties November 6 NY-SF direct telegraphic link forms November 9 U.S. Grant issues orders to bar Jews from serving under him November 11 Opera "La Forza Del Destino" is produced (St. Petersburg Russia) November 13 Battle of Holly Spring, MS November 17 Confederate Secretary of War George B. Randolph resigns November 20 Armies of Mississippi/Kentucky merge as Army of Tennessee November 20 Confederate army of Tennessee, organizes under General Braxton Bragg November 24 M Levy publishes Gustave Flauberts "Salammbo" November 28 Battle at Cane Hill, Arkansas (475 casualties) November 28 Battle of Hooly Spring, MS December 5 Battle of Coffeeville, MS December 6 President Lincoln orders hanging of 39 Santee Sioux indians December 7 Battle of Hartsville, TN December 7 Battle of Prairie Grove, AR December 12 Battle of Dumfries, VA December 12 Battle of Fredericksburg, Virginia (Marye's Heights) December 12 Naval Engagement at Yazoo River, MS (USS CAIRO torpedoed) December 16 Kingdom of Nepal accepts its constitution December 17 General U.S. Grant issues order #11, expelling Jews from Tennessee December 18 Battle at Lexington, Tennessee (Forrest's Second Raid) December 19 Skirmish at Jackson/Salem Church, Tennessee (80 casualties) December 20 Battle of Holly Spring, MS December 20 Brigadier-General Nathan Bedford Forrest occupies Trenton, Kentucky December 23 Union General Ben "Beast" Butler is proclaimed a "felon, outlaw and common enemy of mankind" by Jefferson Davis December 25 40,000 watch Union army men play baseball at Hilton Head, SC December 26 1st U.S. Navy hospital ship enters service December 26 38 Santee Sioux Indians hanged in Mankato Minn, due to their uprising December 26 Battle of Dumfries, VA December 27 Battle of Chickasaw Bluffs, MS (Chickasaw Bayou) December 27 Battle of Elizabethtown, Kentucky December 29 Battle of Chichasaw Bayou: confederate armies defeat General Sherman December 29 Bowling ball invented December 31 Battle of Murfreesboro, Tennessee December 31 Battle of Stone's River, Tennessee (Stone River, Monfreesboro) December 31 President Lincoln signs act admitting West Virginia to Union December 31 Skirmish at Parker Cross Roads, Tennessee December 31 Union ironclad ship "Monitor" sank off Cape Hatteras, NC
